Anatomy of Thyroid Gland
Introduction
The thyroid gland plays a vital role in the human body’s endocrine system. The anatomy of thyroid gland shows how this small, butterfly-shaped organ directly controls energy production, metabolism, body temperature, and overall growth and development. Despite its small size, the thyroid influences almost every organ in the body. Because of its wide-ranging functions, people often call it the “master gland” of the body.
Anatomy
The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, on either side of the trachea, in a butterfly-shaped shape. It has two lobes—the right lobe and the left lobe, which are connected by a narrow part in the middle (isthmus). The thyroid gland usually weighs 20-25 grams in an adult.
The thyroid is supplied with blood by two main arteries—the Superior Thyroid Artery and the Inferior Thyroid Artery. In addition, the gland contains two types of specialized cells:
Follicular Cells: These produce the hormones T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine).
Parafollicular Cells (C Cells): These produce the hormone Calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium regulation
Main Functions
The main function of the thyroid is to properly control the activities of various organs in the body. Notable among these are:
Control of metabolism: Controls the production and use of energy from food.
Maintaining body temperature: Thyroid hormones keep our body temperature stable.
Support in the functioning of the heart and nervous system: Proper hormonal balance keeps the heart rate normal.
Role in growth and development: Ensures proper growth of the brain, nerves and bones in children.
Calcium control: Calcitonin hormone helps to store calcium in the bones.
Conclusion
Although the thyroid gland is small, its function is huge. Even a slight hormonal imbalance can cause diseases like hypothyroid, hyperthyroid or goiter. Therefore, it is important to keep the thyroid healthy through regular health check-ups, proper diet and adequate sleep. A healthy thyroid means a healthy life.
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