Multiple Myeloma
Introduction Multiple Myeloma is a type of blood cancer that develops from abnormal plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally found in the bone marrow. Abnormal plasma cells can multiply excessively and produce
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Introduction Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a chronic blood cancer that mainly affects the bone marrow and white blood cells. It is also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia. CML is different from acute leukemias because
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Introduction Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is a type of leukemia that affects immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow. These abnormal cells multiply rapidly and can crowd out healthy blood-forming cells.As a result, the body
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Introduction Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing type of blood cancer that mainly affects abnormal B lymphocytes. These cells can accumulate in the blood, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. CLL may cause swollen lymph
Lymphopoiesis
Introduction Lymphopoiesis is the biological process through which lymphocytes are formed, developed and matured from hematopoietic stem cells. Lymphocytes are an important group of white blood cells that protect the body against infections, abnormal cells
Myelopoiesis
Introduction Blood formation, also known as hematopoiesis, ensures a continuous supply of blood cells required for survival. Myelopoiesis represents the specialized pathway responsible for producing myeloid white blood cells that protect the body against infection
Erythropoiesis
Introduction The human body depends on a constant supply of healthy red blood cells to transport oxygen and sustain life. Erythropoiesis represents the carefully controlled biological process that produces these cells in adequate numbers to
WBC Morphology
Introduction wbc Morphology focuses on the detailed microscopic assessment of white blood cells by analyzing their size, shape, nucleus, cytoplasm, and granules. This evaluation forms a vital component of peripheral blood smear examination and supports
RBC Morphology
Introduction RBC Morphology describes the detailed microscopic evaluation of red blood cells, focusing on their size, shape, color, internal structures, and arrangement. This examination forms a core part of peripheral blood smear analysis and provides
Blood Film Examination
Introduction Blood film examination remains a cornerstone of hematology and routine laboratory diagnosis. A properly prepared blood slide with staining allows direct visualization of blood cells and parasites, making it indispensable for detecting anemia, leukemia,