What is hyperthyroidism ?
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland secretes excess amounts of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). As a result, the body’s metabolism speeds up, leading to an increased heart rate, excessive sweating, weight loss, and sleep disturbances. This condition affects women more often than men. Therefore, early detection and proper treatment help prevent serious complications.
Causes
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ Disease – This autoimmune condition occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly overreacts to the thyroid gland.
Thyroid Nodules – Small lumps develop inside the thyroid, producing excess hormones.
Excess Iodine Intake – Consuming too much iodine through food or medication can increase hormone production.
Thyroiditis – Infection or inflammation of the thyroid can temporarily boost hormone secretion.
Overuse of Thyroid Medication – Taking more thyroid medication than prescribed for hypothyroidism can trigger hyperthyroidism.
Symptoms
Common Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
Heart Palpitations or Rapid Heartbeat – People with hyperthyroidism often experience irregular or fast heartbeats.
Excessive Sweating and Feeling Hot – Increased hormone levels can make the body overheat and sweat more than usual.
Weight Loss – Despite normal or increased appetite, hyperthyroidism can lead to significant weight loss.
Hand Tremors or Anxiety – Shaking hands and feelings of nervousness frequently occur in affected individuals.
Sleep Problems and Fatigue – Hormonal imbalance can disrupt sleep patterns and reduce overall energy.
Menstrual Irregularities in Women – Women may notice changes in their menstrual cycles due to thyroid hormone fluctuations.
Swollen Eyes or Vision Problems (Graves’ Ophthalmopathy) – In some cases, the eyes may appear bulging or irritated.
Treatment methods
1. Drug treatment:Antithyroid drugs such as Methimazole or Propylthiouracil reduce hormone production.
2. Radioactive Iodine Therapy:It controls hormone production by destroying thyroid cells.
3. Surgery (Thyroidectomy):In complex cases, a part or the entire thyroid gland is removed.
4. Supportive treatment:Beta-blockers to control the heartbeat, reducing iodine in the diet, adequate rest and stress management.
Conclusion
Hyperthyroidism is a treatable hormonal disorder. Early detection allows doctors to control it effectively with lifestyle changes and proper medication. When symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss appear, consult a doctor immediately. Maintaining a healthy thyroid helps keep both the body and mind balanced.
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